What counts as sensitive data
Sensitive data is not one category with one owner. Each kind carries a different obligation from a different source, and an organization that has not separated them cannot protect any of them deliberately.
Ideas and field notes
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Practical writing about cybersecurity, compliance, and sustainable security operations.
Not all evidence is equally believable
Audit practice ranks evidence by how far it sits from the party with an interest in the outcome. Organizations can choose what their procedures produce, and stronger evidence usually costs no more than weak evidence.
What an annual security policy review should produce
An annual review should test a policy against current obligations and operations, then record decisions, evidence, owners, and follow-up work. Most standards require the review; few organizations get full value from it.
The systems inventory: local machines are the easy half
Workstations and servers can be enumerated by the tools that configure them. The outsourced systems holding company data are where an inventory usually stops being accurate.
How do you know your security policy and procedures are being followed?
A useful policy and/or procedure identifies the evidence that will show whether the organization is actually following it.
A policy says what; a procedure says how
A policy states what the organization will do; its procedures state how, who, and with what. Keeping them apart makes both usable and keeps neither one stale.